Global Sustainable Outcomes – News & Views Q2 2021

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Global Sustainable Outcomes – News & Views Q2 2021

There’s only one way to summarise Q2: a world divided. In North America and Europe economic recovery exceeded expectations as successful vaccination programmes supported market reopening. Here in the UK we emerged from a bleak winter of strict lockdown desperate to spend our savings and enjoy life again. And it’s this pent-up consumer demand that has helped drive robust economic recovery in those economies that have once again opened up. Employment, too, is quickly on the road to recovery.
However, the rise of the Covid-19 Delta variant in Asia has led to renewed lockdowns in this region, either because vaccine rollouts have been slow – as is the case in Japan – and/or governments are still committed to zero-Covid tolerance policies. This has renewed pressure on economies there and led to Asian markets lagging both Europe and North America.
The inflation debate continued to rage over the quarter, too, as global shortages showed little sign of abating. In fact, the fresh Covid wave in Asia and ensuing lockdowns only further exasperated supply chain disruptions leading to input cost and price hikes. This has created some extreme anomalies in global markets, for example in the US used car prices for several models are now higher than their new car equivalents!
But unlike in Q1, the market has taken a more pessimistic economic view – fuelled by the rise of the Delta variant – that these strong demand trends will fade into year end and that high inflation is temporary. This resulted in the US 10-year bond yield retracing its lows and a subsequent rotation back into quality stocks which helped the strategy increase 8.4% over the quarter, outperforming the MSCI ACWI benchmark by 0.9%.1
Positively over the quarter, two of our companies2 held capital market days and spoke of accelerated sustainable investments:
  • SGS, a testing, inspection and certification services company, laid out its vision for 2023 with a focus on the mega trends driving additional demand for its services. As a result, sustainability is increasingly feeding into its business alignment. Beyond 2023, SGS aims to generate more than 50% of its revenues from sustainability solutions, versus 45% in 2020, with a clear focus to grow both health and nutrition and environmental services. This in turn will help its customers become more ESG compliant.3 SGS, a testing, inspection and certification services company, laid out its vision for 2023 with a focus on the mega trends driving additional demand for its services. As a result, sustainability is increasingly feeding into its business alignment. Beyond 2023, SGS aims to generate more than 50% of its revenues from sustainability solutions, versus 45% in 2020, with a clear focus to grow both health and nutrition and environmental services. This in turn will help its customers become more ESG compliant.3
  • Orsted, the world’s largest offshore wind farm developer and operator, introduced a target of 50GW of installed renewable capacity by 2030, significantly ahead of its previous target of 30GW set in 2018 and against its current 12GW installed capacity. This signals its high confidence in its ability to win renewable contracts over the next decade.4

Engagement highlights:

The Global RI Team attended the Exane ESG conference5 where the overriding message was that sustainability is increasingly a key driver of customer demand for products and solutions. We met with the management teams of several of our holdings, including:
  • Croda, a specialty chemicals company which commented that it is in a strong position to gain share in all segments given its focus on sustainable outcomes. In its personal care segment, for example, it is seeing key customers such as L’Oreal, increasingly focus on clean and green ingredients in their beauty products. Croda’s aim is that by focusing on sustainability in all its product innovation and investment it can help reduce the environmental impact of consumers through the products they consume, as well positioning the company on the right side of environmental legislation.
  • Sika, a leading construction chemicals and products company, noted that the sustainability element in buildings and construction is growing. It expects sustainability in construction will become even more dominant over time as government environmental legislation and customer sustainability demands increase.
  • Schneider Electric, which provides energy management and industrial automation solutions, also noted an increased sustainability focus across governments, customers and investors. It is seeing ever higher levels of stimulus packages in the EU and the US focused on energy transition, smart infrastructure and industry digitisation supporting structural demand for its sustainable solutions.
1Columbia Threadneedle Investments, June 2021.
2 Mention of specific stocks should not be taken as a recommendation to buy
3 SGS, Sustainability Ambitions 2030, July 2021.
4Orsted, Realising our full potential as a global green energy major, June 2021.
5 Exane BNP Paribas, 23rd European CEO Conference, 3 June 2021.
Germany was one of a number of countries around the world to experience extreme weather conditions this summer. Source: iStock.

Sustainable Theme Focus: The climate crisis becomes real

As I watched monsoon winds and rain lash our campsite over our summer break, flooding tents and fields, it is hard to deny that climate change is real, writes Pauline Grange. Part of climate change means more intense rains as well as more intense droughts – and we have seen both around the world in recent months.
The volume of extreme weather so far this year has been exceptional by any standards, from the record-breaking heatwave in Canada, which saw temperatures reach a record 49.6 degrees centigrade,1 to the disastrous floods in Europe’s Rhineland2 and China’s Henan Province3 to the huge wildfires raging from Siberia4 to California5 to Turkey6 and Greece.7 Images across media of destroyed bridges, roads and houses show the physical consequences of climate change.
We are now at around 1.1oC warming, but are on track for temperatures to go much higher. Figure 1 clearly illustrates just how much the earth’s climate system has warmed since the pre-industrial period. It is hard not to agree with Greta Thunberg’s tweet: “We’re at the very beginning of a climate and ecological emergency, and extreme weather events will only become more and more frequent”.8
We are also seeing the effects of these increasing numbers of extreme events (Figure 2) in financial markets. For example, coffee prices have surged to levels not seen since 20149 after Brazil’s worst frost in two decades, coupled with droughts, impacted crop yields.
The heat waves and droughts on both sides of the US-Canada border this summer are also expected to hit crop yields, and flooding in China’s key pork producing region has increased the risk of animal disease. Meanwhile, the Texas freeze earlier this year cost some utility companies millions.10

Figure 1: Global average temperatures, 1850-2020

Source: https://showyourstripes.info/ Each stripe is one year, blue stripes are cooler years, red stripes are warmer years.

Figure 2: Increasing extremes

Source: https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/weather/climate/climate-and-extreme-weather
We now know that immediate and large-scale reductions in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are vital if we are to limit warming to less than two degrees – and it looks like the world is finally starting to wake up to this climate change emergency.
In May, the IEA (International Energy Agency) released a report detailing the pathway to a net zero energy system by 2050.11 Net zero means an overall balance between emissions produced and emissions removed from the earth’s atmosphere. The IEA’s key finding is that this transition requires an unprecedented transformation of how energy is both produced and consumed globally.
This in turn requires the immediate and massive deployment of all available clean and efficient energy technologies as well as a co-ordinated global push to accelerate innovation in new technologies such as advanced batteries, green hydrogen and carbon capture and storage. Another stark conclusion is that no new oil and gas developments are needed to meet our future energy needs, and in fact there should be no new investments in fossil fuels starting this year if we are to achieve net zero.
It shouldn’t come as a surprise, then, that climate change pressure on oil and gas companies is starting to build, not just from regulatory bodies but also investors and customers. In fact, there were some key investor milestones that coincided with the release of this IEA report:
  • In the Netherlands a court ordered Shell to deepen its carbon emissions cuts by at least 45% by 2030 (versus a current 20%) compared to 2019 levels.12
  • In the US, Exxon has notoriously lagged its European peers in its decarbonisation agenda. But in a surprise move, two members of the activist investor Engine No. 1, which only has a 0.02% stake, had two candidates with climate expertise elected to Exxon’s board of directors, with the public backing of other major investors.13
  • At Chevron, meanwhile, investors passed a resolution in favour of cutting Scope 3 emissions, ie the emissions created by customers of Chevron’s products.14
The message is clear: if the autos and utilities sectors can successfully implement “green” transition plans, there is no reason oil and gas companies cannot do the same, with investor and government pressure on these companies starting to build both in Europe and in the US.
Although the rise of net zero targets has been remarkable over the past 18 months, with pledges from jurisdictions now covering 70% of global GDP,15 very little has so far translated into actionable plans. In fact, fewer than a quarter of these net zero pledges have been fixed into actual legislation or policy.
But in a positive step, Europe has started to put its net zero targets into action by unveiling its long-awaited “Fit for 55” package.16 This package, if passed, aims to align Europe’s various climate policies with its 55% carbon reduction by 2030 goal and in turn makes its existing climate policies both more rigorous and broader in scope.
One of the biggest policy changes is the expansion of the EU carbon emissions trading scheme (ETS). Climate change policy over the past 10 years has largely been focused on decarbonising the power sector, with other industries largely untouched. But this package seeks to change that as Europe expands the ETS to all carbon emitting industries, including transportation and buildings. Europe is committed to making carbon prices more reflective of the cost of decarbonising its economies with the aim being that as the carbon price rises, corporates will better incorporate climate factors into their investment decisions.
The package also introduces a new carbon border tax, increased support for sustainable fuels, greater growth prospects for renewables, a push in the acceleration of electric vehicles and renovating buildings to be more energy efficient. It will also see the introduction of more stringent fossil fuel taxation.
We believe we are only at the beginning of this decarbonisation mega theme. Political will to tighten emission targets will only rise from here as climate change accelerates.
The Threadneedle Sustainable Outcomes Global Equity strategy is well positioned to benefit from these changes.
We are invested in leading renewable companies which will benefit not only from the expected acceleration in renewable investment over the next decade, but also from greater demand for electricity as we electrify our economies.
We are also invested in those companies offering “green” solutions across mobility, buildings, industries and agriculture. We believe our focus on positive sustainable outcomes places this strategy in a strong position to deliver solid returns for investors over the next decade as we sit on the right side of both environmental customer demand trends and government regulation.
1https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-57654133, 30 June 2021. 2 https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-57850504, 15 July 2021. 3 https://www.theguardian.com/weather/video/2021/jul/22/ henan-floods-aerial-images-show-flood-devastation-in-chineseprovince- video, 22 july 2021. 4https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/aug/09/smokesiberia- wildfires-reaches-north-pole-historic-first, 9 August 2021.
5 https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/aug/17/ california-wildfires-dixie-fire-damage-crews, 17 August 2021.
6 https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-58057081, 2 August 2021.
7 https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-58141336, 9 August 2021.
8 https://twitter.com/GretaThunberg/ status/1415600846356819971?s=20, 15 July 2021.
9 https://www.ico.org/show_news.asp?id=761
10 https://www.wsj.com/articles/texas-grapples-with-crushingpower- bills-after-freeze-11614095953
11 https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-by-2050
12https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-57257982
13https://www.reuters.com/business/sustainable-business/ shareholder-activism-reaches-milestone-exxon-board-votenears- end-2021-05-26/
14https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/chevronshareholders- approve-proposal-cut-customeremissions- 2021-05-26/
15Energy & Climate Intelligence Unit, TAKING STOCK: A global assessment of net zero targets, March 2021.
16https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ ip_21_3541

Company Q221 highlights

We have initiated new positions in the strategy:17
17The mention of any specific shares or bonds should not be taken as a recommendation to deal. All intellectual property rights in the brands and logos are reserved by the respective owners.

Threadneedle Global Sustainable Equity Composite

GIPS Report: Columbia Threadneedle Investments EMEA APAC

Reporting Currency: USD

1. Columbia Threadneedle Investments EMEA APAC ‘the Firm’ claims compliance with the Global Investment Performance Standards (GIPS®) and has prepared and presented this report in compliance with the GIPS Standards. Columbia Threadneedle Investments EMEA APAC has been independently verified by Ernst & Young LLP for the periods 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2018. The verification reports are available upon request. A firm that claims compliance with the GIPS standards must establish policies and procedures for complying with all the applicable requirements of the GIPS standards. Verification provides assurance on whether the firm’s policies and procedures related to composite and pooled fund maintenance, as well as the calculation, presentation, and distribution of performance, have been designed in compliance with the GIPS standards and have been implemented on a firm-wide basis. Verification does not provide assurance on the accuracy of any specific performance report. GIPS® is a registered trademark of CFA Institute. CFA Institute does not endorse or promote this organization, nor does it warrant the accuracy or quality of the content contained herein.
2. The ‘Firm’ is defined as all portfolios managed by Columbia Threadneedle Investments EMEA APAC (prior to 1 January 2021, the firm was known as Threadneedle Asset Management) which includes Threadneedle Asset Management Limited, (TAML), Threadneedle International Limited, (TINTL), Threadneedle Investments Singapore (Pte.) Limited, (TIS), and Threadneedle Management Luxembourg S.A. (TMLSA), excluding directly invested property portfolios. The firm definition was expanded in 2015 to include portfolios managed by then newly established affiliates of Threadneedle Asset Management in Singapore. TAML & TINTL are authorised and regulated in the UK by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA). TINTL is also registered as an investment adviser with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and as a Commodities Trading Advisor with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission. TIS is regulated in Singapore by the Monetary Authority of Singapore. TMLSA is authorised and regulated in Luxembourg by the Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier (CSSF). On 1 July 2020, Threadneedle Asset Management Malaysia Sdn. Bhd (TAMM) was removed from the firm. Columbia Threadneedle Investments is the global brand name of the Columbia and Threadneedle group of companies. Beginning 30 March 2015, the Columbia and Threadneedle group of companies, which includes multiple separate and distinct GIPS-compliant firms, began using the global offering brand Columbia Threadneedle Investments.
3. A concentrated global equity strategy with a focus on high quality companies that seeks to deliver both positive sustainable outcomes, in accordance with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and superior financial returns. The composite was created November 30, 2018.
4. The portfolio returns used in composites are calculated using daily authorised global close valuations with cash flows at start of the day. Composite returns are calculated by using underlying portfolio beginning of period weights and monthly returns. Periodic returns are geometrically linked to produce longer period returns. Gross of fee returns are presented before management and custodian fees but after the deduction of trading expenses. Returns are gross of withholding tax. Net of fee returns are calculated by deducting the representative fee from the monthly gross return. Policies for valuing investments, calculating performance, and preparing GIPS Reports, as well as the list of composite descriptions, list of pooled fund descriptions for limited distribution pooled funds, and the list of broad distribution pooled funds are available upon request.
5. The dispersion of annual returns is measured by the equal weighted standard deviation of portfolio returns represented within the composite for the full year. Dispersion is only shown in instances where there are six or more portfolios throughout the entire reporting period. The Standard Deviation will not be presented unless there is 36 months of monthly return data available.
6. The three year annualised ex-post standard deviation measures the variability of the gross-of-fees composite and benchmark returns over the preceding 36 month period.
7. The following fee schedule represents the current representative fee schedule for institutional clients seeking investment management services in the designated strategy: 0.65% per annum. Gross of fee performance information does not reflect the deduction of management fees. The following statement demonstrates, with a hypothetical example, the compound effect fees have on investment return: If a portfolio’s annual rate of return is 10% for 5 years and the annual management fee is 65 basis points, the gross total 5-year return would be 61.1% and the 5-year return net of fees would be 55.9%.
8. The MSCI AC World Index is designed to provide a broad measure of equity-market performance throughout the world and is comprised of stocks from 23 developed countries and 24 emerging markets. Index returns reflect the reinvestment of dividends and other earnings and are not covered by the report of the independent verifiers.
9. Past performance is no guarantee of future results and there is the possibility of loss of value. There can be no assurance that an investment objective will be met or that return expectations will be achieved. Care should be used when comparing these results to those published by other investment advisers, other investment vehicles and unmanaged indices due to possible differences in calculation methods.
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Global Sustainable Outcomes – News & Views Q2 2021

Important Information

Important Information: For use by Professional and/or Qualified Investors only (not to be used with or passed on to retail clients). This is an advertising document. The document is intended for informational purposes only and should not be considered representative of any particular investment. This should not be considered an offer or solicitation to buy or sell any securities or other financial instruments, or to provide investment advice or services. Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal. Your capital is at risk. Market risk may affect a single issuer, sector of the economy, industry or the market as a whole. The value of investments is not guaranteed, and therefore an investor may not get back the amount invested. International investing involves certain risks and volatility due to potential political, economic or currency fluctuations and different financial and accounting standards. The securities included herein are for illustrative purposes only, subject to change and should not be construed as a recommendation to buy or sell. Securities discussed may or may not prove profitable.

The views expressed are as of the date given, may change as market or other conditions change and may differ from views expressed by other Columbia Threadneedle Investments (Columbia Threadneedle) associates or affiliates. Actual investments or investment decisions made by Columbia Threadneedle and its affiliates, whether for its own account or on behalf of clients, may not necessarily reflect the views expressed. This information is not intended to provide investment advice and does not take into consideration individual investor circumstances. Investment decisions should always be made based on an investor’s specific financial needs, objectives, goals, time horizon and risk tolerance. Assetclasses described may not be suitable for all investors. Past performance does not guarantee  future results, and no forecast should be considered a guarantee either. Information and opinions provided by third parties have been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but accuracy and completeness cannot be guaranteed. This document and its contents have not been reviewed by any regulatory authority.

Notice to Investors in Hong Kong: The contents of this document have not been reviewed by any regulatory authority in Hong Kong (“HK”). You are advised to exercise caution in relation to the information presented herein. If you are in any doubt about any of the contents of this document, you should obtain independent professional advice. Any funds mentioned herein have not been authorised by the Securities and Futures Commission pursuant to the Securities and Futures Ordinance of Hong Kong (the “Ordinance”). Accordingly, the funds may only be offered or sold in HK to persons who are “professional investors” as defined in the Ordinance and any rules made under the Ordinance or in circumstances which are permitted under the Companies (Winding Up and Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance of Hong Kong and the Ordinance. In addition, this document may not be issued or possessed for the purposes of issue, whether in HK or elsewhere, and the fundsmay not be disposed of to any person unless such person is outside HK, such person is a “professional investor” as defined in the Ordinance and any rules made under the Ordinance or as otherwise may be permitted by the Ordinance. This document does not constitute investment advice and is issued without regard to specific investment objectives or the financial situation of any particular recipient.

Notice to Investors in Singapore: Threadneedle Investments Singapore (Pte.) Limited (“TIS”) holds a capital markets services licence for fund management under the Securities and Futures Act, Chapter 289 of Singapore (the “SFA”). Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (“CMIA”) and Threadneeedle Asset Management Limited (“TAML”) are each a related corporation of TIS. Pursuant to an arrangement between hold a capital markets services licence for fund management under the SFA in respect of its provision of fund management services to clients in Singapore in accordance with the terms of the approval. This document has not been reviewed or registered by any regulatory authority in Singapore. Accordingly, this document may not be circulated or distributed, nor may any funds be offered or sold, or be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, whether directly or indirectly, to persons in Singapore other than (i) to an institutional investor pursuant to Section 304 of the SFA, or (ii) otherwise pursuant to, and in accordance with the conditions of, any other applicable provision of the SFA.

Notice to Investors in Malaysia: This document has not been reviewed or approved by any regulatory authority in Malaysia (“MY”). As the recognition by the Malaysian Securities Commission pursuant to Section 212 of the Malaysian Capital Markets and Services Act 2007 (the “CMSA”) has not been and will not be obtained, any funds mentioned herein are not being and will not be deemed to be issued, made available, offered for subscription or purchase in MY, and neither this document nor other material in connection therewith should be distributed, caused to be distributed or circulated in MY, save and except to individuals or other legal entities who fall under Paragraphs 3(a), 4, 5, 6, 10, 13 and 24 of Schedule 6 to the CMSA. In addition, no legal or natural persons of MY may directly or indirectly purchase any of the funds or any beneficial interest therein without obtaining all prior governmental approvals that are required, whether statutorily or otherwise. Persons who come into possession of this document are required by the issuer and its representatives to observe these restrictions.

Notice to Investors in Thailand: This document is not reviewed or approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission, Thailand (“TH”) which takes no responsibility for its contents. No legal or natural persons of TH may directly or acquire any beneficial interest therein without obtaining all prior TH’s governmental approvals that are required, whether statutorily or otherwise. Persons who come into possession of this document are required by the issuer and its representatives to observe these restrictions. Columbia Threadneedle Investments is not licensed in TH. This document is intended for informational purposes only and should not be considered representative of any particular investment. This should not be considered an offer or solicitation to buy or sell any securities or other financial instruments, or to provide investment advice or services.

Past performance is not a guide to future performance. The value of investments and any income is not guaranteed and can go down as well as up and may be affected by exchange rate fluctuations. This means that an investor may not get back the amount invested. Where references are made to portfolio guidelines and features, these are at the discretion of the portfolio manager and may be subject to change over time and prevailing market conditions. Actual investment parameters will be agreed and set out in the prospectus or formal investment management agreement. Please note that the performance targets may not be attained.

The research and analysis included in this document has been produced by Columbia Threadneedle Investments for its own investment management activities, may have been acted upon prior to publication and is made available here incidentally. Any opinions expressed are made as at the date of publication but are subject to change without notice and should not be seen as investment advice. Information obtained from external sources is believed to be reliable but its accuracy or completeness cannot be guaranteed.This document includes forward looking statements, including projections of future economic and financial conditions. None of Columbia Threadneedle Investments, its directors, officers or employees make any representation, warranty, guaranty, or other assurance that any of these forward looking statements will prove to be accurate. The mention of any specific shares or bonds should not be taken as a recommendation to deal.

This document and its contents are confidential and proprietary. The information provided in this document is for the sole use of those attending the presentation. It may not be reproduced in any form or passed on to any third party without the express written permission of Columbia Threadneedle Investments. This document is the property of Columbia Threadneedle Investments and must be returned upon request. This document is not investment, legal, tax, or accounting advice. Investors should consult with their own professional advisors for advice on any investment, legal, tax, or accounting issues relating an investment with Columbia Threadneedle Investments.

Issued by Threadneedle Investments Singapore (Pte.) Limited [“TIS”], ARBN 600 027 414. TIS is exempt from the requirement to hold an Australian financial services licence under the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) and relies on Class Order 03/1102 in respect of the financial services it provides to wholesale clients in Australia. This document should only be distributed in Australia to “wholesale clients” as defined in Section761G of the Corporations Act. TIS is regulated in Singapore (Registration number: 201101559W) by the Monetary Authority of Singapore underthe Securities and Futures Act (Chapter 289), which differ from Australian laws.

Issued by Threadneedle Investments Singapore (Pte.) Limited, 3 Killiney Road, #07-07, Winsland House 1, Singapore 239519, which is regulated in Singapore by the Monetary Authority of Singapore under the Securities and Futures Act (Chapter 289). Registration number: 201101559W.

Issued by Threadneedle Portfolio Services Hong Kong Limited 天利投資管理香港有限公司. Unit 3004, Two Exchange Square, 8 Connaught Place, Hong Kong, which is licensed by the Securities and Futures Commission (“SFC”) to conduct Type 1 regulated activities (CE:AQA779).Registered in Hong Kong under the Companies Ordinance (Chapter 622), No. 1173058.

In UK: Issued by Threadneedle Asset Management Limited. Registered in England and Wales, Registered No. 573204, Cannon Place, 78 Cannon Street, London EC4N 6AG, United Kingdom. Authorised and regulated in the UK by the Financial Conduct Authority.

In Switzerland: Issued by Threadneedle Portfolio Services AG, Registered address: Claridenstrasse 41, 8002 Zurich, Switzerland.

In EEA: Threadneedle Management Luxembourg S.A. Registered with the Registre de Commerce et des Societes (Luxembourg), Registered No. B 110242 44, rue de la Vallée, L-2661 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

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Important Information

Important Information: For use by Professional and/or Qualified Investors only (not to be used with or passed on to retail clients). This is an advertising document. The document is intended for informational purposes only and should not be considered representative of any particular investment. This should not be considered an offer or solicitation to buy or sell any securities or other financial instruments, or to provide investment advice or services. Investing involves risk including the risk of loss of principal. Your capital is at risk. Market risk may affect a single issuer, sector of the economy, industry or the market as a whole. The value of investments is not guaranteed, and therefore an investor may not get back the amount invested. International investing involves certain risks and volatility due to potential political, economic or currency fluctuations and different financial and accounting standards. The securities included herein are for illustrative purposes only, subject to change and should not be construed as a recommendation to buy or sell. Securities discussed may or may not prove profitable.

The views expressed are as of the date given, may change as market or other conditions change and may differ from views expressed by other Columbia Threadneedle Investments (Columbia Threadneedle) associates or affiliates. Actual investments or investment decisions made by Columbia Threadneedle and its affiliates, whether for its own account or on behalf of clients, may not necessarily reflect the views expressed. This information is not intended to provide investment advice and does not take into consideration individual investor circumstances. Investment decisions should always be made based on an investor’s specific financial needs, objectives, goals, time horizon and risk tolerance. Assetclasses described may not be suitable for all investors. Past performance does not guarantee  future results, and no forecast should be considered a guarantee either. Information and opinions provided by third parties have been obtained from sources believed to be reliable, but accuracy and completeness cannot be guaranteed. This document and its contents have not been reviewed by any regulatory authority.

Notice to Investors in Hong Kong: The contents of this document have not been reviewed by any regulatory authority in Hong Kong (“HK”). You are advised to exercise caution in relation to the information presented herein. If you are in any doubt about any of the contents of this document, you should obtain independent professional advice. Any funds mentioned herein have not been authorised by the Securities and Futures Commission pursuant to the Securities and Futures Ordinance of Hong Kong (the “Ordinance”). Accordingly, the funds may only be offered or sold in HK to persons who are “professional investors” as defined in the Ordinance and any rules made under the Ordinance or in circumstances which are permitted under the Companies (Winding Up and Miscellaneous Provisions) Ordinance of Hong Kong and the Ordinance. In addition, this document may not be issued or possessed for the purposes of issue, whether in HK or elsewhere, and the fundsmay not be disposed of to any person unless such person is outside HK, such person is a “professional investor” as defined in the Ordinance and any rules made under the Ordinance or as otherwise may be permitted by the Ordinance. This document does not constitute investment advice and is issued without regard to specific investment objectives or the financial situation of any particular recipient.

Notice to Investors in Singapore: Threadneedle Investments Singapore (Pte.) Limited (“TIS”) holds a capital markets services licence for fund management under the Securities and Futures Act, Chapter 289 of Singapore (the “SFA”). Columbia Management Investment Advisers, LLC (“CMIA”) and Threadneeedle Asset Management Limited (“TAML”) are each a related corporation of TIS. Pursuant to an arrangement between hold a capital markets services licence for fund management under the SFA in respect of its provision of fund management services to clients in Singapore in accordance with the terms of the approval. This document has not been reviewed or registered by any regulatory authority in Singapore. Accordingly, this document may not be circulated or distributed, nor may any funds be offered or sold, or be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, whether directly or indirectly, to persons in Singapore other than (i) to an institutional investor pursuant to Section 304 of the SFA, or (ii) otherwise pursuant to, and in accordance with the conditions of, any other applicable provision of the SFA.

Notice to Investors in Malaysia: This document has not been reviewed or approved by any regulatory authority in Malaysia (“MY”). As the recognition by the Malaysian Securities Commission pursuant to Section 212 of the Malaysian Capital Markets and Services Act 2007 (the “CMSA”) has not been and will not be obtained, any funds mentioned herein are not being and will not be deemed to be issued, made available, offered for subscription or purchase in MY, and neither this document nor other material in connection therewith should be distributed, caused to be distributed or circulated in MY, save and except to individuals or other legal entities who fall under Paragraphs 3(a), 4, 5, 6, 10, 13 and 24 of Schedule 6 to the CMSA. In addition, no legal or natural persons of MY may directly or indirectly purchase any of the funds or any beneficial interest therein without obtaining all prior governmental approvals that are required, whether statutorily or otherwise. Persons who come into possession of this document are required by the issuer and its representatives to observe these restrictions.

Notice to Investors in Thailand: This document is not reviewed or approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission, Thailand (“TH”) which takes no responsibility for its contents. No legal or natural persons of TH may directly or acquire any beneficial interest therein without obtaining all prior TH’s governmental approvals that are required, whether statutorily or otherwise. Persons who come into possession of this document are required by the issuer and its representatives to observe these restrictions. Columbia Threadneedle Investments is not licensed in TH. This document is intended for informational purposes only and should not be considered representative of any particular investment. This should not be considered an offer or solicitation to buy or sell any securities or other financial instruments, or to provide investment advice or services.

Past performance is not a guide to future performance. The value of investments and any income is not guaranteed and can go down as well as up and may be affected by exchange rate fluctuations. This means that an investor may not get back the amount invested. Where references are made to portfolio guidelines and features, these are at the discretion of the portfolio manager and may be subject to change over time and prevailing market conditions. Actual investment parameters will be agreed and set out in the prospectus or formal investment management agreement. Please note that the performance targets may not be attained.

The research and analysis included in this document has been produced by Columbia Threadneedle Investments for its own investment management activities, may have been acted upon prior to publication and is made available here incidentally. Any opinions expressed are made as at the date of publication but are subject to change without notice and should not be seen as investment advice. Information obtained from external sources is believed to be reliable but its accuracy or completeness cannot be guaranteed.This document includes forward looking statements, including projections of future economic and financial conditions. None of Columbia Threadneedle Investments, its directors, officers or employees make any representation, warranty, guaranty, or other assurance that any of these forward looking statements will prove to be accurate. The mention of any specific shares or bonds should not be taken as a recommendation to deal.

This document and its contents are confidential and proprietary. The information provided in this document is for the sole use of those attending the presentation. It may not be reproduced in any form or passed on to any third party without the express written permission of Columbia Threadneedle Investments. This document is the property of Columbia Threadneedle Investments and must be returned upon request. This document is not investment, legal, tax, or accounting advice. Investors should consult with their own professional advisors for advice on any investment, legal, tax, or accounting issues relating an investment with Columbia Threadneedle Investments.

Issued by Threadneedle Investments Singapore (Pte.) Limited [“TIS”], ARBN 600 027 414. TIS is exempt from the requirement to hold an Australian financial services licence under the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) and relies on Class Order 03/1102 in respect of the financial services it provides to wholesale clients in Australia. This document should only be distributed in Australia to “wholesale clients” as defined in Section761G of the Corporations Act. TIS is regulated in Singapore (Registration number: 201101559W) by the Monetary Authority of Singapore underthe Securities and Futures Act (Chapter 289), which differ from Australian laws.

Issued by Threadneedle Investments Singapore (Pte.) Limited, 3 Killiney Road, #07-07, Winsland House 1, Singapore 239519, which is regulated in Singapore by the Monetary Authority of Singapore under the Securities and Futures Act (Chapter 289). Registration number: 201101559W.

Issued by Threadneedle Portfolio Services Hong Kong Limited 天利投資管理香港有限公司. Unit 3004, Two Exchange Square, 8 Connaught Place, Hong Kong, which is licensed by the Securities and Futures Commission (“SFC”) to conduct Type 1 regulated activities (CE:AQA779).Registered in Hong Kong under the Companies Ordinance (Chapter 622), No. 1173058.

In UK: Issued by Threadneedle Asset Management Limited. Registered in England and Wales, Registered No. 573204, Cannon Place, 78 Cannon Street, London EC4N 6AG, United Kingdom. Authorised and regulated in the UK by the Financial Conduct Authority.

In Switzerland: Issued by Threadneedle Portfolio Services AG, Registered address: Claridenstrasse 41, 8002 Zurich, Switzerland.

In EEA: Threadneedle Management Luxembourg S.A. Registered with the Registre de Commerce et des Societes (Luxembourg), Registered No. B 110242 44, rue de la Vallée, L-2661 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy of Luxembourg.

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Investment approach

Teamwork defines us and is fundamental to our investment approach, which is structured to facilitate the generation, assessment and implementation of good, strong investment ideas for our portfolios.

Funds and Prices

Columbia Threadneedle Investments has a comprehensive range of investment funds catering for a broad range of objectives.

Our Capabilities

We offer a broad range of actively managed investment strategies and solutions covering global, regional and domestic markets and asset classes.

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